Business Plan - 2471 Words

FORM : 104/01-F05/INT/LTN REV : 0 INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI PERTAMA Programme Name Module Name Module Leader Name Internal Verifier Name FOUNDATION IN BUSINESS BUSINESS MATHEMATICS Module Code Assessment Type / Reference No. Lead Officer (Assessment Committee) Student Identification IC/Passport No. I hereby certify that this assignment is my own work and where materials have been used from other resources, they have been properly acknowledged. I also understand I will face the possibility of failing the module if the content of this assignment are plagiarized. Signed: ________________________ ï‚ · Outcome(s) / Assessment Criteria covered ï‚ · Date: _________________ PMT 1353 ASSIGNMENT MR LEE HAR SAN Ms NG SIEW FENG MR LEE HAR SAN Student†¦show more content†¦Breakdown of assessment criteria (b) Weight (%) A B (c) Range of achievement (ïÆ' ¼) C D F (d) Marks Awarded (%) (e) Weighted Marks (b) x (d) 1 2 Show working and find out the nth term and sum of the nth term for 8% arithmetic sequences. Able to find the nth depreciation accumulated depreciation and book 8% value. Show working and find out the nth term and sum of the nth term for 8% geometric sequences. Able to show working and find the simple interest and simple amount. 9% Able to use correct formula and show working to find out the 9% principle, interest rate and investment period. Use correct formula and show working to find out simple interest 8% with 4 basic concepts. Able to calculate future values with different frequency of conversions 14% Able to use correct formula and show working to find future value 13% by using simple interest and compound interest Able to use correct formula and show working to find present and 15% future value in annuities. Able to solve the â€Å"R†, â€Å"n†, and â€Å"I† for the annuities. TOTAL 8% 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 100% Key to marking ranges: A 75 – 100 B 60 – 74 C 50 – 59 D 30Show MoreRelatedBusiness Plan For A Business Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesbrand-new business, expand an existing company, or get financing for a business venture, you will need to write a business plan. A business plan not only lends your business a sense of credibility, but also helps you to cover all your bases, increasing your chances of success. Although writing a business plan can be a lengthy, intimidating project, it is not necessarily difficult. Here is an overview of how to write a successful business plan. What to Include in Your Business Plan Your businessRead MoreBusiness Plan For A New Venture1355 Words   |  6 PagesA business plan can be used for beginning a new business, to create a more profitable business or for consideration of new services and ideas. A business plan is a written document that gives details on a business idea or venture and present the outlook of the business over a number of years. This plan will guide the business project management and operations, assist in vital decisions and measure performance. There are many types of business plans and not one of them is considered a universal planRead MoreEssay about Creating a Business Plan1119 Words   |  5 Pagesyou must have guidelines, so to speak, to know where you are heading in the future. That is why before you can start a business you need to draw up a detailed business plan. Business plans are considered blueprints. A business plan is what is needed to get your business off the ground and to attract potential investors. A business plan is way to show that you are in the business to make money. Introduce the company and the product/service idea for the new venture. Triple S Night Club is a new companyRead MoreBusiness Plan For An Casual Dining Mexican Restaurant1804 Words   |  8 PagesThe critical analysis essay is based on the business plan of an upcoming casual dining Mexican restaurant in an upmarket locality of Benowa Gardens, Gold Coast, Queensland. The restaurant is called Burrito Bar, which specialises in modern Mexican food along with alcoholic drinks and operates on a franchising model. The business plan was made by one Mr.Paddu for the purpose of procuring a bank loan/private funding to kick-start the project. The business plan follows the general format used in the restaurant/hospitalityRead MoreRenee Business Plan5082 Words   |  21 PagesBusiness Plan for a Startup Business The business plan consists of a narrative and several financial worksheets. The narrative template is the body of the business plan. It contains more than 150 questions divided into several sections. Work through the sections in any order that you want, except for the Executive Summary, which should be done last. Skip any questions that do not apply to your type of business. When you are finished writing your first draft, you’ll have a collection of small essaysRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business1546 Words   |  7 Pagesenterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative or risk†. They are usually characterized as people with greatly valued self-reliance, with high optimism and people who who strive for distinction through excellence. I am interested in starting my own basketball business and becoming an entrepreneur. In order to start a business I need a business plan. From research, I have learned that my business plan needs to have an executive summary, identification of my business, financial recordsRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business840 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Business plans are statement of a business goals, reason they are attainable and plans on meeting it’ (FoxBuisness, 2013). A business plan maps the course and gives a detail plan on how these goals are achievable. It is also important to establish a solid business plan for funding. Some small business use venture capital, bank loans, personal funds, and private investors as sources of funding. The business plan must therefore, sell investors. A well-written convincing business plan can buy investorsRead MoreBusiness Plan1439 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Plan What is Blueberry Nights? Type: bar and restaurant for young people Category: II. class Service method: plate service Menu type: A’la Carte Opening hours: Sunday to Wednesday 10:00-22:00 Thursday to Saturday 13:00-05:00 No day off Target market: students, tourists and residents Location: Budapest, Margit kà ¶rà ºt Few steps from Margaret Island Easy to reach by tram Seating capacity: 120 (80+40) 1st floor: kitchen area, 80 seated restaurant, bar, armchairsRead Morebusiness plan5494 Words   |  22 Pagesbecause we as a young generation that want to open new shop sold the â€Å"Keropok Leko†. OBJECTIVE OF THE ORGANIZATION Every business opportunity begins with the existence of various customers needs and wants for particular product or service. A need is something that is basic in life such as food, clothes and shelter. Therefore, our companies take these advantages and venture a business based on food industries. Our main activity is to manufacture keropok lekor that is made from fish paste, flour, and saltsRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business1866 Words   |  8 Pages Business Plan Buiness model in theory and practice according to Wikipedia is used for a broad range of informal and forma l descriptions to represent the core aspects of a business, including the purposes of that business, its process, target customers, of ferings, strategies , infrastructure, organizational structures, trading practice, and operational processes and policies . Below, we would look at two kinds of business model (franchise and tradition al business) , their pros and cons, o r their

Gattaca -Dna Testing - 862 Words

Should We Use DNA Testing? In Gattaca, a film whose roots are firmly planted in the Science Fiction genre, the timeline in which the movie is set is never really stated, thus it could be next year, in another ten, or not for one hundred. While this is effective is making us believe that this could be, just around the corner, the society presented is widely regarded as being too close to our present day in order to present a true chilling image. With DNA testing already quite common in the sporting world and in what the movie centers around, space exploration, Gattaca arguably fails to deliver its message with enough force to severely impact on the psyche of viewers. Many modern day sporting teams invest in the technology of†¦show more content†¦As we can see when we look at characters such as Jerome, there is no DNA for fate. Simply because a person is perfect in theory does not account for their success in life, and in a case such as Jeromes, he still ended up being second best. When Jerome says that Jerome Morrow was never meant to come second, he shows us that despite all that he had going for him with his double helix, he still was not supreme. But, despite having to live the rest of his life in a wheelchair after his failed suicide attempt, Jeromes life once again found meaning as he helped Vincent achieve his dream of going into space, and once he found meaning, he believed his life was complete. Finally, although there are many obvious benefits to the use of genetic screening, after all it would potentially save companies millions in training fees, some things are definitely better left to chance. If we start meddling with our own fate too much, we lose the very things that make us human, our imperfections, and that is who we are, and we cant sacrificeShow MoreRelatedEssay about Future Concerns - Gattaca and Fahrenheit 4511562 Words   |  7 Pagesthe dystopias that develop from them. Texts such as the film ‘Gattaca’, directed by Andrew Niccol and novel ‘Fahrenheit 451’ by Ray Bradbury explore futuristic societies and the implications that become of their innovation. Although entertaining, texts such as these are didactic and must be taken seriously, as they communicate messages to audiences regarding prevalent concerns and possible futures based on society’s choices. ‘Gattaca’ (1995) directed by Andrew Niccol, follows the story of the underdogRead MoreGattaca Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesWe were wondering if its good to leave some things to chance. In the world of Gattaca, is this a wise course of action? Gattaca is a science-fiction thriller movie, directed by Andrew Niccol. It presents a story of the future prospect of genetic engineering and how it will affect human society. Gattaca gives one perspective of how the future of discrimination is no longer determined by social status or the colour of skin because the discrimination is now down to a science, Vincent: I belongedRead MoreIncredible Scientifical Advancments in the Movie Gattaca 640 Words   |  3 Pages In the movies, Gattaca, director Andrew Niccol portrays a genetically based society in a scientifically advance world that twirls around the main idea and concept about genetic engineering to produce flawless genetics for a parent’s child. This main focus is shown upon Anton and his brother Vincent. Vincent, being the first born between Anton and him, gave the doctors an idea of what is going to happen in the future for Vincent based off of genetics and also gives parents the opportunity to makeRead MoreEugenic Dec ision-Making1489 Words   |  6 Pagesparental free choice is valued. Gregory Stock’s essay, The Enhanced and Un-Enhanced, presents otherwise by supporting the position of maximalist eugenics, allowing individuals the full extent in the selection of genes. On the other hand, the film, Gattaca, raises major ethical problems by illustrating a dystopian society resulted by extensive eugenic decision-making. While both opposing views presents reasonable and valid arguments, the critique of eugenics will be well-debated in the foreseeable futureRead MoreGattaca Is A Science Fiction Moral Tale Essay915 Words   |  4 PagesGattaca â€Å"They used to say a child conceived in love had a better chance of being happy, they don’t say that anymore.† Gattaca is a science fiction moral tale that uses a murder mystery setting to tell its story. Keeping the format of the story simple and familiar was important because the subject matter is extremely complicated. At the heart of the story is DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid not only contains our replication data, but contains the information on our inheritance, our development and ourRead MoreCracking Your Genetic Code: A Review of Genetic Testing1538 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Genetic Testing In Gattaca, the plot focuses on the ethics, the risks, and the emotional impact of genetic testing in the nearby future. The film was released in the 90s; yet in the present, the film does not give the impression of science fiction. Today, genetic testing is prevalent in many aspects of the scientific community. This paper will describe genetic testing, its purpose, diagnostic techniques that use genetic testing, relating Huntington’s disease to genetic testing, and the prosRead More1984, by George Orwell and Gattaca, by Andrew Niccol978 Words   |  4 PagesNineteen Eighty-Four written by George Orwell and Gattaca directed by Andrew Niccol are prophetic social commentaries which explore the broad social wrong of a totalitarian government. Both texts depict a futuristic, dystopian society in which individuality is destroyed in favour of faceless conformity. Niccol and Orwell through the experiences of their protagonists reflect the impact isolation from society has on indiv iduals. The authors of both texts also use their protagonists Winston, who cannotRead MoreGattac A Futuristic And Dystopian Society2320 Words   |  10 Pagesor political system. The films I have chosen to analyze Snowpiercer directed by Joon Ho Bong, Gattaca directed by Andrew Niccol both are movies that show this genre of a futuristic and dystopian society. Snowpiercer and Gattaca show conventions that convey this genre through a dystopian protagonist who standing up against a higher power, restrictions upon freedom and inequality(discrimination) in Gattaca the protagonist Vincent stands up to the labels of valids and invalids and the discriminationRead MoreCross-Cultural Film Analysis - Gattaca1230 Words   |  5 Pages‘GATTACA’ Film Summary Vincent is destined to be a second class citizen, conceived naturally, rather than in a laboratory. He is born into a world which discriminates against genetics, rather than religion, race or gender. In order to gain access into the Gattaca Corporation and reach his dream of going to Titan he takes on the identity of Jerome Morrow, a person with ideal genes but crippled from an accident. He uses Jerome’s hair, blood, urine and skin to pass all tests and is set to reachRead MoreEssay on The Human Genome Project1512 Words   |  7 Pagesgenetics as a whole. To begin discussion about the HGP, we first must understand what it is. It is a massive undertaking of collaboration of geneticists that begin in 1990. Their goals are to identify all the estimated 80,000 to 100,000 genes in human DNA and determine the sequences of 3 billion bases composed of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. The project is being funded jointly by the Department of Energy and the National Institute of Health. This massive undertaking is estimated at a cost

Analysis of a Sixty Second Sequence of I Robot Essay

Analysis of a Sixty Second Sequence of I Robot Throughout this essay I will be analysing a sixty second sequence of the film I-Robot. Directed by Alex Proyas, the film was released in 2004 and was a hit at the box office. The film is an action-thriller inspired by Isaac Asimov’s classic short story collection. Asimov’s books set forth the three laws of robotics. Law 1. A Robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. Law 2. A Robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with first law. Law 3. A Robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law. Although the film does not follow†¦show more content†¦I have decided to analyse the scene when Spooner has caught Sonny after his escape from the murder scene. He is taken to police headquarters and although the lieutenant is hesitant about the idea, he lets Spooner interrogate him. I have decided to use this scene because I believe it helps the viewer see how Spooner’s prejudice of Robots will diminish through his interactions with Sonny. Sonny’s child-like inquisitiveness stops him in his tracks. This pattern of Spooner questioning Sonny’s humanity and Sonny replying to these questions in a very human way is repeated throughout the film. There are also what seem to be small events in this scene that turn out to be significant later on in the film. â€Å"My favourite scene is Sonny and I in the interrogation room. I love its humanity. His direction to me was that I was a racist sheriff whod just captured the person I am most racist against.† (Will Smith 2004) The seen is set in a police interrogation room. It is typical of any other police interrogation room seen in many other films. There is a table placed in the middle of the room with Sonny sat at one end. The room is dimly lit except for the table where there is a large light shinning down on it. Apart from another chair there are no other objects. Also in the there are six armed guards, pointing there weapons at Sonny. The film is set in the future, so in order to makeShow MoreRelatedIntroduction Of Natural Language Processing3416 Words   |  14 Pagescould not sort out. Hence it is fair that â€Å"Human Languages grant aberration that natural language cannot grant.† In a larger view; Natural Language Processing includes signal processing or speech recognition, context reference issues and semantic analysis and processing. Typical applications for Natural Language Processing include the following: a) A good human computer interface that can translate from a natural language into a computer language and vice versa. A natural language system can act asRead More PARADISE FLUBBED: Pynchon the New World Essay4618 Words   |  19 Pagesback to a time a little less rabidly conformist, to: . . . the Mellow Sixties, a slower-moving time, predigital, not yet so cut into pieces, not even by television . . . War in Vietnam, murder as an instrument of American politics, black neighborhoods torched to ashes and death, all must have been off on some other planet.And so return to the College of Surf, a campus near San Clemente where the budding radicalism of the Sixties curiously coexists with the proto-fascism of the Seventies; a microcosmRead MoreGarbage In Garbage Out4135 Words   |  17 Pagesthis study can be stated as; does the computer effectively assist in the banking sector? 1:3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY In this perspective the objective of this study is to know the merit of introduction of computer services into banking industries. i. Computer take a lesser time in dealing with laid down projects, assignment and acquisition. ii. It is much reliable and also save time. iii. It also provides easy accessing of already completes project. iv. It also provide easy access of informationRead MoreThis Tournament Goes to Eleven4982 Words   |  20 PagesTenerife before *) 3. A 2003 Timothy Pennings paper asked Do Dogs Know this. The Umbral type is the study of Shaffer sequences, while Mallivin is an infinite-dimensional one on the Wiener space and is also called the stochastic one of variations. Church and Kleene developed a formal logic known as the lambda one. In old literature it was known as infinitesimal analysis, due to the presence of quantities getting very small. For 10 points, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Sir Isaac Newton independentlyRead MoreThe Role of Computer in Banking Industries4976 Words   |  20 PagesADM NO: 10209 SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, ZAMFARA COLLEGE OF ART AND SCIENCE (ZACAS) GUSAU, ZAMFARA STATE. IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIMENNT OF THE AWARD OF PROFESSIONAL DIPLOMA C ERTIFICATE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE March, 2009. I APPROVAL PAGE This research work has been read, accepted and approved after meeting the requirement for the partial fulfillment for the award of Diploma Certificate in the Department of math’s/ computer Science, Zamfara College of Art and Science (Zacas)Read MoreEffectiveness of Pccr Review Center19276 Words   |  78 Pagesthe Father of all, for the strength that keep the researchers standing and for the hope that keep them believing that this affiliation would be possible and more interesting. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.i APPROVAL SHEET†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iii DEDICATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦iv TABLEOF CONTENTS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...v LIST OF TABLES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦viii LIST OF FIGURES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreSolutions Manual Discrete-Event System Simulation Third Edition Jerry Banks John S. Carson Ii Barry L. Nelson David M. Nicol August 31, 200017075 Words   |  69 PagesSimulation Examples 3 General Principles 4 Simulation Software 5 Statistical Models in Simulation 6 Queueing Models 7 Random-Number Generation 8 Random-Variate Generation 9 Input Modeling 10 Veriï ¬ cation and Validation of Simulation Models 11 Output Analysis for a Single Model 12 Comparison and Evaluation of Alternative System Designs 13 Simulation of Manufacturing and Material Handling Systems 14 Simulation of Computer Systems 1 5 16 17 18 32 39 46 51 55 57 60 65 66 1 Foreword There are approximatelyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages........................... 140 Assessing a Sources Credibility .................................................................................................. 144 Seeking a Second Opinion ............................................................................................................ 147 Trust Me, I Know It on Good Authority ..................................................................................... 149 Suspending Belief.............................................Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy PeckRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesBOSTON †¢ HEIDELBERG †¢ LONDON †¢ NEW YORK †¢ OXFORD PARIS †¢ SAN DIEGO †¢ SAN FRANCISCO †¢ SINGAPORE †¢ SYDNEY †¢ TOKYO Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 1992 Second edition 1997 Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003 Third edition 2005 Copyright  © 1992, 1997, 2005, Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan. All rights reserved The right of Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan to be identified as the authors of this

Early Childhood Education in Pakistan free essay sample

What is early childhood education? American Academy of Paediatrics defines 1-5 years of age, other defines as birth to 8 years. Children’s bodies and brains grow rapidly during this period of life. Many skills and milestones such as language, physical and social developments are expected to reach at this stage. Importance of early childhood development In the first few year, more than 100 billion neurons are formed, they are just like milky way. This process is called neuron proliferation that is about 250,000 neurons are born every minute. Neurogenesis is the formation and development of nerve cells. Synaptogenesis is the forming of synapses, begins early in prenatal life, as soon as neurons begins to evolve. Background Historically, formal early childhood education has arisen in response to the needs of middle and upper income group of developed countries. Later on it became a part of the educational system in the Third World. Robert Myers (1992) in his book Twelve Who Survive emphasized that early childhood development is a continuous process it begins from the prenatal period and extends through the entire period of childhood. Therefore, Robert Myers suggests that early childhood care and education should fulfill the needs of the children from birth to eight years. In recent years, behavioral scientists have attempted to understand the developmental process of the young children. Today educational program for young children are also responding to their psycho-social needs. To further probe into the developmental process of the young children, numerous workshops of the experts were conducted in various parts of the world. The major findings of these workshops in a nutshell are: Many child care centers located all over the world do not adequately focus on child development as a whole, instead custodial care is all that is offered. The sole focus of these centers is on preparation for primary schools. To improve the situation, few countries took the initiatives for example; the government of India established community centers in 1975 to help young children develop as a whole. These community centers do not only fulfill the educational needs of the children but also look after the health and fulfill the psycho-social needs of the children. In Pakistan too an awakening has occurred about early childhood education. The government has also included kachi peheli and paki peheli in their educational plan. Many private organizations established preschools in various parts of Pakistan. Most of the preschools in Pakistan concentrate on the educational needs of the children and often do not address the psycho-social needs of the children (Educational Department of Sindh and Teacher Resource Centre1999). Another aspect related to early childhood education is the gender issue. By the time a child reaches school age she /he is firmly rooted in a gender identity. Archer, (1985) reported that: â€Å"From the age of fifteen months children could distinguish between male and female and gender appropriate toys†. The gender differences create barriers in the processes of full development of a child, which is one of the major aims of early childhood care and development. In Pakistan gender differences are loudly expressed in daily life. According to one of the studies, nine thousand girls between the ages of five to fourteen are found on streets; rag picking or begging only in urban Punjab. Right now Pakistan is at interesting cross roads with respect to girls education. The social and cultural norms on gender may not have changed much but it has incrementally been reconciled to the needs of globalization and developmental norms where girls rights to education are non-negotiable and non-discriminatory. General †¢ To evaluate the early childhood education in Pakistan against a set of predetermined parameters. †¢ To study the difference in the attitude towards young girls and young boys i. e. age three to five years in family, school and society. It has been observed that there are very few private early childhood education schools in Pakistan. These schools have been opened on the initiatives of some local people and they also have a commercial base. It has been observed that the school fees are so high that the parents of urban and especially of rural areas of Pakistan can not send their children to these schools. Secondly, there are government schools which ensure that the children in kachi peheli be prepared for class one. They do not look after the developmental needs of children (see the lists of schools which were visited and the list of the leaders met during the study). I found that early childhood education is expensive and therefore inaccessible for many children therefore deprived of early childhood education. Child Rights †¢ Convention on the Rights of the Child – Each child should receive good parenting, early stimulation, nurturing care, primary health care, essential micro nutrients in a balanced and nutritious diet, and a safe and clean environment. Early childhood education in Pakistan’s context Over the past 25 years, Pakistan has achieved impressive macro-economic gains, reflected in an annual GDP growth rate averaging between 5 to 7 percent. But less successful into improved human development for the majority of the population. As evidence by its ranking of 135 out of 177 countries on the 2005 Human Development Index (UNDP, Human Development Report, 2005) Conclusion A critical analysis of the study and its findings have an important implication for educators, parents, teachers, community leaders and researchers who are concerned with the planning and implementation of early childhood education in Pakistan and else where. All of them can benefit from the comprehensive framework of the study, consisting of eleven dimensions, a set of four stakeholders, twenty data gathering instruments and about twenty five case studies. This framework built around â€Å"Roberts Stakes Countenance Model† served as countenance, a technique of qualitative assessment of intentions and actual happening. The evaluation of Early Childhood Education in Pakistan through this countenance framework identifies following parameters of the system. Early Childhood Education need to correlate practices with attainable goals. Early childhood Education in rural schools needs to make efforts to develop activity based leaning and teaching. †¢ Early Childhood Education is a mean to satisfy psycho-social needs of children †¢ Activity based learning is crucial in Early Childhood Education program. †¢ Equal treatment of boys and girls is necessary to remove gender biases in the society. †¢ Training of teachers is n ecessary to develop perception of objectives and skills for effective delivery of Early Childhood Education. Parents’ involvement and partnership is essential to supplement school efforts at home and in the community. †¢ Parents and teachers awareness in gender issues is an important factor †¢ Academic achievement and psych-social development of children who attended ECE is rated higher than those who did not. To conclude the following aspects of the system deserves consideration for initiating improvement in Early Childhood Education in Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate early childhood education in Pakistan. For this purpose Robert Stake’s Countenance Model was adapted to document and report the findings in the qualitative form (Stakes, R 1975) the study covered early childhood education institutions in Pakistan and samples from urban and rural areas of Pakistan were selected. The researcher interviewed and observed the participants in the field and recorded the data. The evaluation of early childhood education in Pakistan through this study identified that: early childhood education practice in Pakistan should correlate with attainable goals. Equal treatment of boys and girls by adults is necessary to remove the biases in society. Parents and teachers partnership is essential to achieve the desired results in early childhood education. Early childhood education delivery system is inadequate. Many children of Pakistan are deprived of early childhood education. Low cost and affordable early childhood programs should be available in urban and rural areas of Pakistan. Thus it has been recommended that early childhood education should be a part of educational development program of Pakistan. For this purpose political awareness and commitment on the part of government and educationists should also be developed. To break the tradition of teaching children in piecemeal, an integrated curriculum should be developed to look after the holistic development of children. The term early childhood education emphasizes the comprehensive nature of development, which takes place before the child goes to school. It is concerned with physical, linguistic, social, cognitive and educational growth of a child in its first five to six years (Baker, 1987) The Overall purpose of this study was two folds:

Flannery OConnors Religious Devotions free essay sample

A look at OConnors works. This paper looks at Flannery OConnors style of writing and particularly focuses on her religious stances and appeal in some of her short stories. The author includes many quotes from OConnors works. Flannery OConnor, a spiritual and devout Roman Catholic, portrayed God, religion, Jesus Christ, and evil in various aspects in some of her most famous short stories. OConnor took a very broad approach to spiritual ideas that dealt with moral, psychological, and social issues in her writings. Many readers of OConnors writings often become perplexed with the characterizations of OConnors characters in her stories; however, when a reader discovers OConnors life and biographical history, they may view pieces of her life wrapped up into her short stories. Three of OConnors short stories that particularly deal with her religious devotions are The Turkey, Revelation, and A Good Man is Hard to Find. We will write a custom essay sample on Flannery OConnors Religious Devotions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Each of these stories focus on different spiritual concepts, but all can be traced to the biographical history of OConnors short life. In addition, OConnors style is verified in James Grimshaws book titled The Flannery OConnor Companion when he explains, Of the various approaches employed to explain OConnors fiction, the one which has drawn the most attention and offered the most convenient answers has been the religious system? (4). Therefore, when detailing OConnors writing style from a religious standpoint, there are several distinct reasons and concepts that are apparent in her writings that imply her strong religious beliefs.